In 1950, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) first investigated osmotic desalination. For the following 200 years, osmosis was only a laboratory phenomenon. Ī process of osmosis through semi-permeable membranes was first observed in 1748 by Jean-Antoine Nollet. RO is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other effluent materials from the water molecules. "Selective" membranes reject large molecules, while accepting smaller molecules (such as solvent molecules, e.g., water). It relies on the relative sizes of the various molecules to decide what passes through. RO retains the solute on the pressurized side of the membrane and the purified solvent passes to the other side. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally bacteria), and is used in industrial processes and the production of potable water. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. Reverse osmosis ( RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. Solar humidification–dehumidification (HDH).Water purification process Water desalination
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